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Somatosensory rehabilitation of pain
The Somatosensory Rehabilitation of Neuropathic Pain, is a method whose aim is to treat conditions of a reduced sense of touch or sensation (hypoesthesia) in order to decrease neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain, with a prevalency of 6.9% of the general population, represents an important public health problem. e.g. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) concerns 2.7% of the general population.; i.e. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) concerns 26/100,000 person-years of the general population. Patients with chronic pain need every possible therapy to battle the pain. Chronic pain is not a symptom but a syndrome in its own right, and requires therapists from a wide range of disciplines.So too, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and other physical therapy procedures emerged rapidly, bringing substantial pain relief to large numbers of people.〔Melzack R (2011). Foreword: Relief of pain and suffering endured by millions of people. e-News for Somatosensory Rehabilitation, 9(1),5 (one page).()
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== History ==
In 1869, the French surgeon Jean Joseph Emile Létiévant was the first to map the altered sensibility of the cutaneous sense : aesthesiography. In 1872, after the American Civil War the American neurologist Silas Weir Mitchell〔Mitchell, S.W. (1872) Injuries of Nerves and their Consequences. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co〕 was the first to observe the correlation between the altered cutaneous fibres and the burning pain that he named causalgia. For him the cohabitation of altered cutaneous fibres and non-altered was the etiology of this neuropathic pain symptom. In 1909, the British surgeons Wilfred Trotter and H. Morriston Davies studied on volunteers (themselves) the sensory recovery in altered sensibility of the skin.〔()〕 In 1915, during World War I the German surgeon Paul Hoffmann〔:de:Hoffmann-Tinel-Zeichen〕 and the French neurologist Jules Tinel〔(Tinel, J. Nerve wounds. London: Baillère, Tindall and Cox, 1917 )〕 discovered a sign of sensory recovery: the Hoffmann-Tinel or Tinel sign. In 1954, after World War II, a council of surgeons defined a classification of sensory recovery.〔Zachary R B (1954). Results of nerve suture. In H.-J. Seddon (Ed.), Peripheral Nerve Injuries (pp. 354-388). London, England: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Medical Research Council Special Report Series n° 282〕 In 1978, the hand surgeon A Lee Dellon created a new tool to follow the sensory recovery: the moving 2-point discrimination test. In 1981, he published his first Textbook about the testing after nerve injury and repair and was the first to propose a re-education of sensibility.〔Dellon AL (1981). Evaluation of Sensibility and Re-education of Sensation in the Hand. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins ()〕 In 1997, he made his concept more clear by proposing a new title for his Textbook: Somatosensory Testing and Rehabilitation.〔Dellon AL. (1997). Somatosensory Testing & Rehabilitation. Bethesda Maryland: American Occupational Therapy Association ()〕 In 1998, Birgit Rosen and Göran Lundborg created a new tool to test altered sensibility. They proposed a multisensory treatment (auditive and somatosensory sense) and published their papers as sensory relearning. Somatosensory testing is simultaneously testing and rehabilitation. To make the concept more clear, Claude J. Spicher proposed, in 2006, the concept of somatosensory rehabilitation.〔Spicher CJ. Handbook for Somatosensory Rehabilitation. Montpellier, Paris: Sauramps Médical, 2006. ()〕〔Valembois, B., Blanchard, M., Miternique, B. & Noël, L. (2006). Rééducation des troubles de la sensibilité de la main. Encyclopédie Médico-Chirurgicale (EMC) 26-064-A 10, 1-19. Paris: Elsevier ()〕 As the somatosensory system is considered as the centre of one of the etiologies of neuropathic pain Spicher proposed to switch the concept, in the French version of WIKIPEDIA :fr:Rééducation sensitive de la douleur the concept of Somatosensory Rehabilitation into Somatosensory Rehabilitation of Pain, in order to enlighten the aim of this method, which is to reduce neuropathic pain. In 1979, Ulf Lindblom〔()〕 – at that time the president of International Association for the Study of Pain - insisted on the fact that pain itself is the centre of concern for both the patient and the physician but the sensory abnormalities which often occur in the painful area are important as well.
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